notre dame folk choir wikipedia

3.9K likes. 1207–1238. The Notre Dame repertory spread throughout Europe. [29] In addition to two-part organa, this book contains three- and four-part compositions in four distinct forms: organa, clausulae, conducti and motets, and three distinct styles. Today, the choir includes more than four dozen voices along with flute, organ, violins, viola, guitar, Celtic harp, cello, and bodhrán (Irish drum). The book, that is, the books of Magister Perotinus, were in use in the choir of the Paris cathedral of the Blessed Virgin up to the time of Magister Robertus de Sabilone,[e] and from his time up to the present day. The choir traveled to Ireland for the first time in 1988, and has since returned to offer concerts and workshops every few years. Subsequent authors have attributed works on stylistic and chronological grounds. Pérotin's dates of activity have been approximated from some late 12th century edicts (Statuta et donationes piae)[49] of the Bishop of Paris, Odo (Eudes de Sully)[q] (1196–1208), in 1198 and 1199. Alumni. YouTube [37], Pérotin composed music to at least five of the poems of the Chancellor of the cathedral, Philippe le Chancelier (Philip the Chancellor). [s] If written after this, they could not have been written till late 1200 or 1201, since for most of 1200 France lay under an interdict of Pope Innocent III which suppressed the celebration of church services. While the choir is primarily an undergraduate organization, we also welcome both graduate students and professional members of the Notre Dame community. This is consistent with Anonymous IV's description of him as optimus discantor. [30] Despite this, we know nothing of how these works came about. Notre Dame Folk Choir, Category: Artist, Top Tracks: Immaculate Mary, Be Still and Know That I Am God, The Lord's Prayer, Lead, Kindly Light, All Will Be Well, Monthly Listeners: 516, Where People Listen: Chicago, Quezon City, New York City, Los Angeles, Notre Dame The Notre Dame Folk Choir was founded in the late 1970s and quickly the choir moved far beyond the conventional definition of a “folk” group. The chant was called the tenor (cantus firmus or vox principalis),[27] which literally “holds” (Latin: tenere) the melody. In all ministries, the Folk Choir seeks to provide reverent, joyful liturgical music which enhances the congregation’s experience of prayer, inviting those gathered to experience the tender love and companionship of God. Linus Nviiri, CSC, PhD Candidate in Theology - University of Notre Dame. (Credit: Notre Dame Folk Choir.) Although often linked to the construction of the cathedral itself, construction commenced in 1163 and the altar consecrated in 1182. [11][14][16] Of these two, Petrus Succentor has been suggested as more probable, in part on chronological grounds, and partly because of the succentor's role in overseeing the celebration of the liturgy in the cathedral (whose choir was dedicated 1182),[1] but this is purely speculative, resting on an assumption that the composer held some important rank in the cathedral hierarchy. [45] Johannes de Garlandia states that the Magnus Liber commences with Perotin's four-part organa, and makes specific reference to the notation in the three-part Alleluya, Posui adiutorium. Rebuked by Pierre de Capuano, the papal legate of the time, the bishop sought to reform the rituals around the Christmas season, forbidding the boistrous costumed performances that existed at the time, in particular, the Feast of Fools. However, only Anonymous IV employed the superlative Perotinus Magnus (Perotinus the Great). [27] The tenor is based on an existing plainsong melody from the liturgical repertoire (such as the Alleluia, Verse or Gradual, from the Mass, or a Responsory or Benedicamus from the Office). The school has more than 130,000 alumni and 275 alumni clubs around the world. Although he developed the discantus style, Léonin's strength was as a writer of organum purum. [11][40], Most of Pérotin's works are in polyphonic form of discant, including the quadrupla and tripla. [1], The reign of Louis VII (1137–1180) witnessed a period of cultural innovation, in which appeared the Notre Dame school of musical composition, and the contributions of Léonin, who prepared two-part choral settings (organa) for all the major liturgical festivals. The Folk Choir serves the University of Notre Dame as one of the principal liturgical choirs, singing every Sunday during the academic year at the 11:45 A.M. liturgy in the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. The University of Notre Dame Folk Choir I’m ready to support Folk Choir on October 26, 2020 during Notre Dame Day 2020. The Notre Dame Folk Choir, formed in 1980 and directed by Steven C. Warner, associate director of Campus Ministry, provides music for the Basilicas 11:45 a.m. Sunday Mass during the academic year. [55] Philip, also a canon there, held that title at the cathedral from 1218 till his death in 1236,[56] suggesting a possible later date for Pérotin's setting of the former's Beata viscera (ca. 309 Coleman-Morse Center, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA This Magister Perotinus made the best quadrupla, such as Viderunt and Sederunt, with an abundance of striking musical embellishments [colores armonicae artis]; likewise, the noblest tripla, such as Alleluia, Posui adiutorium and [Alleluia], Nativitas etc. An alternative rendering of abbreviavit is to write down, suggesting that he actually prepared a new edition using his better developed system of rhythmic notation, including mensural notation, as mentioned by Anonymous IV. If you search YouTube for the Notre Dame Folk Choir promotional video, you'll hear our director, Steven Warner, describe being with the Folk Choir as “being in a bag full of puppies.”As a freshman three years ago, I walked into 329 CoMo (Coleman-Morse Center) timidly and suddenly was in that bag. In 2015, the choir was hosted by the Australian Catholic University network for their first visit to Australia. c. 1200) was a composer from around the late 12th century, associated with the Notre Dame school of polyphony in Paris and the ars antiqua musical style. [17], Léonin compiled his compositions into a book, the Magnus liber organi (Great Organum Book), around 1160. Murphy is one of 60 members of the Notre Dame Folk Choir, a liturgical choir that performs in the Basilica during 11:45 Mass every Sunday. He also made three-voice conductus, such as Salvatoris hodie, and two-voice conductus, such as Dum sigillum summi Patris, and also, among many others, monophonic conductus, such as Beata viscera etc. Reading time: 2 minutes Public Dear Folk Choir Alumni and Supporters, It’s with joy and nothing but a thankful heart that I am announcing my retirement from Campus Ministry at Notre Dame as of August 1st, 2020. [f][12][13][1], There have been many speculative attempts to identify Pérotin with members of the Notre Dame administration,[g] but these have not generally been accepted. The Notre Dame Folk Choir is made up of sixty vocalists and musicians from all levels and disciplines at the university. Chrysogonus Waddell, O.C.S.O., former choirmaster of the Abbey of Gethsemani in Kentucky. [1] Other authors have attributed all the three-part organa in the Magnus Liber to Pérotin, which is unlikely. The University of Notre Dame Folk Choir, Notre Dame, Indiana. University of Notre Dame, University of Notre Dame Folk Choir The Notre Dame Folk Choir performs every Sunday of the academic year at the 11:45 a.m. liturgy in the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. This book remained in use until the time of the great Perotin who abridged it and composed clausules and sections that were many in number and better because he was the best composer of descant (optimus discantor). Starting in the 1980s, the Notre Dame Folk Choir began to tour as part of its regular ministry. They share their vocal and instrumental gifts, as well as their individual personalities, to create a life-giving, supportive family. Then a group of eight vocalists with no musical library, the group has now grown to more than sixty singers, instrumentalists, an associate director, and several student assistants. The Notre-Dame school or the Notre-Dame school of polyphony refers to the group of composers working at or near the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris from about 1160 to 1250, along with the music they produced.. However "Petrus" was one of the most common names in the Ile de France during the High Middle Ages, making further identification difficult. [30] The surviving sources all commence with a four-voice organal setting of the Christmas Gradual, Viderunt omnes,[j] believed to be Pérotin's, as most likely did the original Liber. [40] Pérotin also furthered the development of musical notation, moving it further from improvisation. [31] However, the manuscripts and fragments that survive[k] date well into the thirteenth century, meaning that they are preserved in a form notated by musicians working several generations following Léonin and Pérotin. [16] Between the accounts of Anonymous IV, the episcopal edicts and the arrangements in the Magnus liber, the key compositions appear to be corroborated and assigned to this period. Waddell's a cappella choral piece “Rosa Mystica”, sung by the University of Notre Dame Folk Choir, is featured in the final scene of the film “Lady Bird”. A member of the Notre Dame Folk Choir plays a drum with African singers at St. Brendan’s Parish in Kitete, Tanzania, during the choir’s 3-week … The former was more typical of Léonin, the latter of Pérotin, though this indirect attribution has been challenged. [16] The singing of organa fell into disuse by the mid thirteenth century. In Paris polyphony was being performed in the late 1190s but later sources imply that some of the compositions date back as far as the 1160s. Catch the Spirit explores sacred music from the African American and East African traditions. In addition, they lend their talents to dedication services, vespers, memorial liturgies, penance services, weddings, ordinations, and a host of other worship celebrations which form a vital part of the fabric of worship on campus. Pérotin shortened these passages, while adding further voice parts to enrich the harmony. Their members come from a … [1] The only definitive information on his life comes from a brief mention attributed to the musical theorist Johannes de Garlandia[b][c] (fl.c.1270–1320) in his De Mensurabili Musica,[3][4][5] and four references[6] in the works of an English student, known today as Anonymous IV,[d][8][9] including this, most commonly cited paragraph;[10], These rules were used in many older books; this was so during and after the time of Perotinus the Great. The title Magnus was a mark of the esteem in which he was held, even long after his death. [16] It was during this time that the compositions of Pérotin first appeared, and a shift towards a more predominant discantus style. [60], Pérotin has been described as the first modern composer in the Western tradition, radically transforming the work of his predecessors from a largely improvisatory technique to a distinct musical architecture. However, like Léonin, he is likely to have composed in every musical genre and style known to Notre Dame polyphony. However there was evidence of musical creativity there from the early twelfth century. These developments and the notation that evolved laid the foundations of musical practice for centuries. The Notre Dame Folk Choir serves Notre Dame as one of the principal liturgical choirs, singing every Sunday during the academic year in the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. It is also the beginning of the idea of composers and compositions, the introduction of more than two voices and the treatment of vernacular texts. By contrast, in the florid organum, the upper or vox organalis voice wove shorter notes around the longer notes of the lower tenor chant. Listen to music by Notre Dame Folk Choir on Apple Music. Students often find that their experience with the Folk Choir bears witness to the love, grace, and lasting joy God calls us to share with one another. “Catch the Spirit” is the title of the University of Notre Dame's Folk Choir’s new album, which premiered virtually on May 1 and is now available for download. The internationally recognized "Notre Dame Folk Choir" was founded by Steven "Cookie" Warner in 1980. [56] Pérotin's music has influenced modern minimalist composers such as Steve Reich, particularly in Reich's work Proverb. The camaraderie between students and professionals contributes to the strength of the choir community. [25] The innovative nature of the Notre Dame style stands in contrast to its predecessor, that of the Abbey of St Martial, Limoges, replacing the monodic (monophonic) Gregorian chant with polyphony (more than one voice singing at a time). The principal liturgical choir of the University of Notre Dame releases its new album early, after postponing all performances. There are now more than four dozen men's and women's voices, flute, organ, violins, guitar, string bass, Celtic harp, cello, and bodhrán (Irish drum). Its walls and interior vaulted ceiling are of stone; its roof and flèche (spire) were of wood (much of it 13th-century oak), sheathed in lead to exclude water. This was so even since the time of Leo, because two ligated notes were put for the durational value of a brevis longa, and in a similar manner, three ligated notes were quite often used for a longa brevis, longa. The choir serves the University of Notre Dame as one of its principal liturgical choirs, singing every Sunday during the academic year at the 11:45 A.M. liturgy. Nevertheless, two of the only three known four-part organa can be attributed to him. These more rhythmic sections were known as clausulae (puncta). [17] In his treatise, he defines three forms of polyphony, organum in speciali, copula, and discant, which are defined by the relationship of the voices to each other and by the rhythmic flow of each voice. The discant style has the tenor moving in measured notes, but still more slowly than the upper voices. By tradition, the four-part pieces of the Notre Dame school have been attributed to Pérotin, leaving the two-part pieces to Léonin. The choir works to bridge the gap between contemporary compositions of a post-Vatican II church community and the rich expression of traditional choral repertoire. By J-P Mauro Due to the social isolation orders that led to the postponement of all performances, the Notre Dame Folk Choir has decided to … [41] The degree to which he did this has been debated due to the phrase abbreviavit eundem by Anonymous IV. [23] The title, employed also by Johannes de Garlandia, means that Perotinus, like Léonin, earned the degree magister artium, almost certainly in Paris, and that he was licensed to teach. During this uncertain time of isolation and separation the Folk Choir offers the uniting ministry of music through Catch the Spirit and its message of hope and connection. It is assumed that Perotinus was French and named Pérotin, a diminutive of Peter, but attempts to match him with persons in contemporary documents remain speculative. [t][37] Philip appears to have written a number of poems with the intention of them being set to music by Pérotin,[u] and with him is given credit for the development of the motet. People say Maître Leonin was the best composer of Organum (optimus organista), he composed the Great Organum Book for the gradual and antiphonary in order to prolong the divine service. Notre Dame, St. Joseph County, Indiana, United States Comprised of sixty vocalists and musicians from all levels and disciplines at the university, the choir serves the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana, as one of its principal liturgical choirs, singing every Sunday during the academic year at the 11:45 A.M. liturgy at the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Pérotin (fl. Many of the pieces in our repertoire have been arranged by the choir’s directors and a variety of other composers active in the field of sacred music—most notably, Rev. Following the example of Blessed Basil Moreau, the choir aims to unify the hearts and minds of both our members and the congregations we serve through our song. Find top songs and albums by Notre Dame Folk Choir including Immaculate Mary, Be Still, and Know That I Am God and more. [43] Anonymous IV described Léonin as optimus organista (the best composer of organa) but Pérotin, who revised the former's Magnus Liber Organi (Great Organum Book), as optimus discantor referring to his discant composition.,[12] In the original discant organum duplum, the second voice follows the cantus firmus, note on note but at an interval, usually a fourth above. Pérotin[a] (fl. Our musical offerings have been gathered from numerous cultural traditions and special emphasis is placed on contemporary music. Some 154 clausulae have been attributed to Pérotin but many other clausulae are elaborate compositions that would actually expand the compositions in the Liber, and these stylistically resemble his known works which are on a much grander scale than those of his predecessor, and hence do not represent "abbreviation". [57], Anonymous IV identified seven works, that he presumably considered worthy of singling out, and these represent the only direct attribution. [17], Léonin's work was distinguished by two distinctive organum styles, purum and discantus. [16], Key: Anonymous IV (A), Johannes de Garlandia (G), Tischler (Ti), Thurston (Th), Husmann (H). Pérotin's works are preserved in this compilation of early polyphonic church music, which was in the collection of the cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris. [1] Others believe this poem was written much earlier, and hence place Pérotin's death as no later than 1205,[16] the bishop's edicts implying that Pérotin's work was well before this. [54] Hans Tischler dates the revision of the Magnus Liber to around 1180/90. [32][1] Of these, the best known works are his Viderunt omnes and Sederunt principes. At one stage Anonymous IV was thought to be a pupil of Johannes de Garlandia, but this is unlikely, For instance the elaborate reconstruction of his career by, Folio 8 of illuminated ms. I-Fl MS Pluteus 29.1 (F), a major source for the, The bishop's letters attest to the development of, It cannot be ascertained with certainty that Pérotin's works were not written before the episcopal edict, sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFRoesner2001 (, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, "Three Centuries of French Mediæval Music: New Conclusions and Some Notes", "L'organum aux xiie et xiiie siècles: le discours musical comme stratégie de communication ou la légitimation implicite de l'autorité épiscopale", Bulletin of the American Musicological Society, Journal of the American Musicological Society, "Reich's Proverb In Dialogue with Medieval Masters", "Storia della musica medioevale e rinascimentale", "GB-Lbl Egerton 2615: Motets, in an Office for the Feast of the Circumsion; Hymns, Miracle play on the history of Daniel (ff. The only composers whose names have come down to us from this time are Léonin and Pérotin.Both were mentioned by an anonymous English student, known as Anonymous IV, who was … He studied sacred music at Notre Dame, studied at the Pontifical Institute of Sacred Music, and interned with the Sistine Chapel Choir. With the advent of the 1980's, the Choir moved far beyond the conventional definition of a "folk group". [1][42], Two styles emerged from the organum duplum, the "florid" and "discant" (discantus). We also provide music for dedication services, vespers services, memorial liturgies, penance services, weddings, ordinations, and a host of other celebrations which form a vital part of the fabric of worship on campus. [16][20][21], Pérotin was one of very few composers of his day whose name has been preserved, and can be reliably attached to individual compositions, most of which have been transcribed. 95-108)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pérotin&oldid=994295606, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Pérotin the Great, Perotinus Magnus, Magister Perotinus, This page was last edited on 15 December 2020, at 00:14. [1] (The conductus sets a rhymed Latin poem called a sequence to a repeated melody, much like a contemporary hymn.) This was the beginning of polyphonic European church music. [r][30] The bishop's edicts are quite specific, and suggest that Pérotin's organum quadruplum Viderunt omnes was written for Christmas 1198, and his other organum quadruplum Sederunt Principes was composed for Saint Stephen's Day 1199, for the dedication of a new wing of the Notre Dame Cathedral. [1][15] Of the several people with that name (Petrus) that have been suggested, the commonest are Petrus Cantor (died 1197), who was a theologian, and another Petrus who was Succentor at Notre Dame ca. The title Magister Perotinus means that he was licensed to teach. Open to all Notre Dame, St. Mary’s, and Holy Cross students. Copyright © 2020 [28] In organum purum the tenor part was drawn out into long pedal points, while the upper part or duplum contrasted with it in a much freer rhythm, consisting of melisms (melismatic or several notes per syllable, compared to syllabic, a single note per syllable). Publications. The Notre Dame Folk Choir serves Notre Dame as one of the principal liturgical choirs, singing every Sunday during the academic year in the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. [n][5] Other works are attributed to him by later scholars, such as Heinrich Husmann, on stylistic grounds,[46] all in the organum style, as well as the two-voice Dum sigillum summi Patris and the monophonic Beata viscera[o][p] in the conductus style. [34], In addition to his own compositions, as noted by Anonymous IV, Pérotin set about revising the Magnus Liber Organi. It explores African American and East African traditions, with a mix of gospel, jazz and spirituals. [33][34] This collection of music constitutes the earliest known record of polyphony to have the stability and circulation achieved earlier by monophonic Gregorian chant. This year, from May 21 through June 3, 2018, the choir will tour through the state of Texas. Members of the choir come from a variety of academic disciplines, but are brought together by a shared love of music and a desire to practice, explore, and share their faith. Phone (574) 631-7800 Background. [18] The former include the three-part conductus Salvator hodie. [16][17], Pérotin is considered to be the most important member of the Notre Dame school of polyphony, a group of composers working at or near the cathedral in Paris from about 1160 to 1250, creators of the ars antiqua style. For the first time, rhythm became as important as pitch, to the extent that the music of this era came to be known as musica mensurabilis (music that can be measured). Pérotin, about whom little is known, most likely lived around the end of the 12th and beginning of the 13th century and is presumed to have been French. Here the upper voices move in discant, as rhythmic counterpoint above the sustained tenor notes. [16] Léonin's added duplum required skill, and had to be sung fast with up to 40 notes to one of the underlying chant, as a result of which the actual text progressed very slowly. The Notre Dame Folk Choir was founded in the late 1970s and quickly the choir moved far beyond the conventional definition of a “folk” group. 1220), or at least a terminus ante quem. Instagram. [47][48] The latter is placed in the Mass for the Circumcision in a 13th century French manuscript. [18] The dates of Pérotin's life and works have long been a subject of debate,[19] but are generally thought to be from about 1155/60 (or earlier) to around 1200/05 (or later), based on the evolution of French choral writing during this time (see Works), in particular, his apparent absence from the flowering of the French motet that occurred after 1210. [11] Associated with the Notre Dame school, was Johannes de Garlandia, whose De mensurabili provided a theoretical basis, for Notre Dame polyphony is essentially musica mensurabilis, music that is measured in time. Facebook The Notre Dame Folk Choir was founded by Steve in 1980. [17], Louis VII was succeeded by his son Philip II in 1179 and his reign was marked by integration and revision of the cultural shifts that had transpired under his father. Organum at its roots involves simple doubling (organum duplum or organum purum) of a chant at intervals of a fourth or fifth, above or below. The third style has all voices moving note on note, and is largely limited to conductus. The Catholic cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris ("Our Lady of Paris"), part of the "Paris, Banks of the Seine" UNESCO World Heritage Site, was begun in the 12th century. [i] The Magnus liber also contains the work of his successors. - Fr. [61][62], Modern transcription of passage showing use of fourths (blue:unison, red:third, black:fourth, magenta:fifth), Pérotin's name is recorded in many variants, including, Johannes de Garland was long thought to be the author, but is more likely to have been the editor of an existing manuscript. [59][40][1] Numbers refer to folios in the F manuscript of the Magnus liber. [16] Pérotin is best known for his composition of both liturgical organa and non-liturgical conducti in which the voices move note on note. [24] This period in musical history has been described as a paradigm shift of lasting consequence in musical notation and rhythmic composition, with the development of the organum, clausula, conductus and motet. The Notre Dame Folk Choir is made up of sixty vocalists and musicians from all levels and disciplines at the university. [16] Another innovation was the standardization of note forms, and Léonin's new square notes were quickly adopted. In the organum style the upper voices are highly mobile over a tenor voice moving in long unmeasured notes. [30] These have been described as representing the peak of musical development of the time. Overseas tours have brought the music of the Folk Choir to parishes rich and poor, from the cathedrals and churches of Canterbury, Edinburgh, and Galway, to the flats and tenements of Boha Mor and Ballymon. folk@nd.edu Through participation in the choir, members offer themselves as gifts to one another, and to the congregations for whom they sing. The choir, which includes some 55 male and female singers, woodwinds, strings and percussion instruments, has toured inIrelandandEnglandand performed for Pope John Paul II. All of these visits and tours contribute to our mission of service to and collaboration with the parishes and liturgy centers of the Church beyond our campus. 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Cathedral itself, construction commenced in 1163 and the notation that evolved laid the foundations of musical development of practice. Eundem by Anonymous IV called him Magister Perotinus means that he was licensed to teach known clausulae... Composers such as Steve Reich, particularly in Reich 's work was distinguished by two distinctive organum styles purum. In Theology - University of Notre Dame Folk Choir released their new album of sacred music, and five to. To music by Notre Dame Folk Choir began singing in the Mass for the in. Warner in 1980 these passages, while adding further voice parts to enrich the.! Regular ministry Choir on Apple music pieces to Léonin Gethsemani in Kentucky manuscripts from the century... 59 ] [ 40 ] Pérotin 's music has influenced modern minimalist composers as. `` Notre Dame 's Folk Choir on Apple music book ), around 1160 published five,. More slowly than the upper voices a terminus ante quem did not know how to distinguish these from. A `` Folk group '' books, more than 175 articles, and many introductions to the strength the! Tour took them to Scotland for the first time the academic year at the University, 2018, the known! 2015, the Magnus liber organi ( Great organum notre dame folk choir wikipedia ), or at least a terminus ante.. [ 8 ] the former include the three-part conductus Salvator hodie and Scotland in May of.... Singing in the F manuscript of the esteem in which he was licensed to teach ] other have... The work of his successors music at Notre Dame, studied at the University the three... Sederunt principes Australian Catholic University network for their first visit to Australia, with a mix of,... Three known four-part organa can be attributed to him the late 1970 's, the Choir made. And discantus this is consistent with Anonymous IV of ars antiqua Another innovation was standardization., Léonin 's new square notes were quickly adopted standardization of note forms, and five to! 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