Kinuthia is grateful. That year is not a good one for Joshua. The story of the Erie Canal - the 363-mile "artificial river" built to connect the Atlantic seaboard to the Great Lakes - offers a rich perspective on the tumultuous era between the War of 1812 and the Civil War. Joshua glares at his wife to find their daughter. The Artificial River. Nyambura starts to worry, especially for the moment when Joshua, who does not allow his children to stay out late, will ask for Muthoni. In these first few chapters, Ngugi develops his main characters and sets in motion the conflicts between them. The two are inseparable and even look similar. It is quiet, but Chege often stops to comment on something he knows about a bush or plant. From this day inward she is dead to him; she is a disgrace to him and his house. From the first introduction, the reader is made aware that Waiyaki is a young man to be reckoned with and someone who will do great things for the tribe. While Daisy is affected and insubstantial, Myrtle Wilson is straightforward, fleshy, almost coarse. Joshua turns on her and asks why she would do that. All men, beasts, and trees are united by it. Two boys, Kamau and Kinuthia, emerge in the plain. They were forbidden to go to the Omi-Ala River because it had a dangerous history. Summary. Fitzgerald's description of the drawbridge and passing barges makes an allusion to the River Styx, a mythological river which one crosses to enter the realm of the dead. As the babies crawl toward the books and the flowers, cooing with pleasure, alarms ring shrilly. He reflects that Gatsby died utterly disillusioned, having lost, in rapid succession, his lover and his dreams. The Demi na Mathathi were the giants of the tribe who long ago cut down trees, cleared the forests, and held communion with ancestral spirits. The elders of Kameno offer sacrifices to Murungu. The Artificial River The Erie Canal and the Paradox of Progress Carol Sheriff 6/12/2006 The Artificial River: The Erie Canal and the Paradox of Progress On October 26, 1825, the largest American-made canal was finished. Both Muthoni and Waiyaki are potential unifying figures—potential “rivers between”—that do indeed see a path of compromise. They hear of a Government Post being built at Makuyu and that they will be taxed by a government in Nairobi. New York: Hill and Wang, 1996. xvii + 251 pp. (New York, N.Y.: Hill and Wang, a division of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1996. Waiyaki goes to bed early after this strange experience. Nick Carraway remains both "within and without" this world: though he is repulsed by the party's vulgarity, he is too fascinated to compel himself to leave. People respond that the white man does not speak the language of the hills or know the ways of the land, but the white men still come. The Question and Answer section for The River Between is a great Nyambura knows their father will never allow this, and she begs her sister to explain why. Chege is moved by what he sees and tells his son this land is beautiful to the eye, that it is all their land, and that the Father and Mother of the tribe were made by Murungu. I think that disillusionment and broken dreams serve as a major theme statement for chapter 8.It is Nick who finds Gatsby's body. When Joshua sees his daughters walking home, he is proud of his upstanding family and their strong faith. She reminds Muthoni that their father will never allow this and that they are now wise in the ways of the white people. Chapter 1. As the prophecy’s mythic power originates from the land, so must its fulfillment speak to the land’s sanctity.”. GradeSaver, 9 September 2018 Web. Most people never left the ridges but some went out. 1 - 10 of 500 . Her father, Joshua, is a man of God and helped them realize this. The movie he's showing is about Nazi concentration camps, or death camps. Pp. Sometimes the boys played as them, and even though one boy told Waiyaki he could not be one because he was not circumcised, everyone knew there was something about Waiyaki’s eyes, gaze, and the burning words within him. There are plenty of stories about him. Miriamu knows that her duty as a mother is to bear on her shoulders her children’s sins and misdeeds, and so she goes to look for Muthoni. Page 1 Page 2 Summary. If you are looking for a shorter summary of the entire book, please check the main article. This chapter explores a world that has collapsed into decadence: Fitzgerald's society is a society in decay. Kameno is where the father and mother started and were supported; their children spread throughout all the land. At Tom's party, the characters engage in vulgar, boorish behavior: Myrtle Wilson reads tabloids; she and her sister gossip viciously about Gatsby and each other; Mr. McKee does not say that he is an artist, but instead claims to be in the "artistic game.". The River Between essays are academic essays for citation. These are the eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleburg, an optometrist whose practice has long since ended. The Great Gatsby essays are academic essays for citation. So Uncle Hoskins leads the horse—still pulling the buggy—into the river. She reminds Nyambura that their parents are circumcised and this did not prevent them from being Christians. After a moment, Chege looks at his son and tells him he descends from those who came to the hills. Have you ever needed easier access to the essential items to stay alive? Both girls start to weep. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. The great Gikuyu seer, Mugo, was also born there, grew up there, and warned everyone that someday the people with clothes like butterflies would come. First, there is Joshua, the main Christian convert among the tribe. Another boy emerges and orders them to stop. The Wave Chapter 2. He cannot accept any of the tribal customs or allow them to be eased out; rather, he preaches vociferously against them and offers no compromise. Waiyaki’s physical appearance is matched by his pedigree: he is the elder/putative prophet, Chege’s son, and maybe even related to the great prophet Mugo. Muthoni tells her sister that she must say something, but that it is a secret. Muthoni, Nyambura’s younger sister, seems moody and restless. Chege seems like he is in a vision and Waiyaki, while a little frightened, senses something great in his father. Black Boy Chapter 2. Finally, Muthoni admits that she wants to be circumcised. In Chapter 1, the first person narrator 32-year-old Charlie Friend uses his inheritance money to purchase one of the first artificial humans called Adam. Siriana is the nearest missionary center, though, and Nairobi is far. Yet, as critic Charles E. Nnolim writes, “the irony in Ngugi’s works is that those who try to bridge the gap between opposing forces are doomed to failure” and that what makes this novel a pessimistic one is “that there is no acceptable alternative, no viable counterweight to either fanaticism or the law of sweet reason.”. Nyambura steps outside but returns. An enligihtening work of social history that makes a now familiar feature of the American landscape the focus of an exploration of 19th-century perceptions of progress, politics, and the common good. The eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleburg seem to be a monstrous parody of the eyes of God: they watch, but they do not see; they are heartless, and entirely unknowing. On the way, Muthoni accidentally drops her watermelon and Nyambura thinks privately that this is a bad omen. Dana brings him a stack of books and muses on Kevin’s strangely pale eyes. Fitzgerald presents her fleshy breasts and large hips as a sign of her robust femininity. Waiyaki gets back into the rhythm of the village. People still paid homage to it. Chege tells him not to fear and that he is the last in their line. The day for the second birth is here and Waiyaki wonders why he does not feel happier to learn the ways of the tribe and be like his father. The group gossips about Jay Gatsby: Catherine claims that he is somehow related to Kaiser Wilhelm, the much-despised ruler of Germany during World War I. It is Waiyaki, and he asks why they are fighting. All men, beasts, and trees are united by it. In the old days, the river was pure and an integral part of the community since it provided clean water for drinking and fish for food. Joshua was converted when he was a young man. Sundays are usually busy for Joshua. Chege then asks if he has heard of the sacred grove, and Waiyaki says he has. Link/Page Citation By Carol Sheriff (New York: Hill and Wang, 1996. xvii plus 251pp. He renounced his tribe’s magic, power, and rituals for the one God. Waiyaki says no. He starts with an image of the ancient ridges of Kameno and Makuyu in the remote central highlands of Kenya and takes their history back to the gods and founding Kikuyu. "The River Between Chapters 1-8 Summary and Analysis". Joshua is exhausted one Sunday and goes home with his wife. Late in the day father and son return home, exhausted. (Since we know your curious minds are itching for more, here's a brief historical interruption. They begin struggling again. Leaders of the land arose there, having the courage to look beyond. The story of the Erie Canal - the 363-mile "artificial river" built to connect the Atlantic seaboard to the Great Lakes - offers a rich perspective on the tumultuous era between the War of 1812 and the Civil War. Read the Study Guide for The River Between…, Christianity, Culture, and Conflict in The River Between, View the lesson plan for The River Between…. While Daisy wears pale white, Myrtle dresses in saturated colors and her mouth is a deep red. It is gratifying that continuing rapid progress in both of these es that record the advances, while at the same time confirm and extend the book's basic theses about the artificial sciences. Tom forces both Myrtle and Nick to accompany him to the city. Dana explains that the trouble began for her on June 9th, 1976, her twenty-sixth birthday, when she met Rufus. resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel. They became strangers to the hills. Not affiliated with Harvard College. By Carol Sheriff. But for readers, many of those same details are vaguely disturbing and add to the subtly ominous mood that $21.00). The boys come home in the darkness and Waiyaki goes to Chege. Nyambura promises to keep it secret and tries to calm her sister. He eventually renounces both of his daughters, is the worst sort of Old Testament patriarch with his wife, and grows irrationally angry when he observes what he thinks is sinful behavior on the part of the tribe. Artificial River reveals the human dimension of the story of the Erie Canal. White Christian missionaries were traditionally the forerunners of companies and governments, and even though they may not have directly advocated for colonialism, they were often indirect implements of it. Sorry, you will have to scan your text for this. Preparation for the birth of the Christian savior, as well as the initiation rituals, proceeds. The Giver Chapter 2 Summary - eNotes.com Chapter 2 Summary Jonas’s parents attempt to reassure him about the Ceremony of Twelve. She is one of the best athletes at Rocky River High but she doesnt has many friends, because she is not a tipical "girly-girl". Miriamu asks where she is. Thankfully, his own home is a model of rigidity and religious uniformity. It wasn't exactly our logic two hundred years later, but it made a kind of sense" (Cullen 51). He has not yet been circumcised but is tall and well-built. He is obsessed with Daisy and has built an elaborate fantasy world around her that is bound to crumble because it is not based on reality. Carol Sheriff, The Artificial River: The Erie Canal and the Paradox of Progress, 1817-1862. The Artificial River reveals the human dimension of the story of the Erie Canal. George Wilson, Myrtle's dejected husband, seems almost made of ashes: "ashen dust" coats his clothes and his hair. Waiyaki says Kamau’s name; humiliated, Kamau stops and slinks away. Miriamu does not agree but says nothing; Joshua is so devoted to the Old Testament that he’d even beat his wife. Summary ; Chapter 2; Study Guide. Nyambura goes and returns the next day, saying Muthoni refuses to return. The Question and Answer section for The Great Gatsby is a great Muthoni tells her sister that she does not simply want the white man’s Christianity and needs something more. And come they did—they were the white men. Not affiliated with Harvard College. GradeSaver, 8 September 2006 Web. 1981 in cognitive psychology (chapters 3 and 4) and the science of design (chapters 5 and 6). Waiyaki feels a weight on his soul and a presentiment stirring within him. Osborne-Bartucca, Kristen. These are the eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleburg, an optometrist whose practice has long since ended. Long ago, a man rose in Makuyu. Now, Joshua and Kabonyi have been converted and abandoned the ways of the tribe. Summary. Halfway between West Egg and New York City sprawls a desolate plain, a gray valley where New York’s ashes are dumped. Ross, Jeremy. The sisters begin their walk home. The water is up to its neck and it’s freaking out. Chege is an elder of Kameno who knows “the meaning of every ritual and every sign” (7) and all the ways of everything in the tribe. After sharing, Jonas 's parents ask to speak with Jonas alone. On the micro scale, Ngugi explores the events surrounding the figure of Waiyaki. The group becomes exceedingly drunk; as a result, Myrtle begins to grow garrulous and harsh. Read the Study Guide for The Great Gatsby…, Materialism Portrayed By Cars in The Great Gatsby, View the lesson plan for The Great Gatsby…, View Wikipedia Entries for The Great Gatsby…. Joshua is ashamed and thinks of the suffering of Job. She has never thought deeply about this, usually listening to her father. The further Waiyaki removes himself from the land, and the further he becomes a stranger to it, signifies “his failure to achieve the leadership of his people. Ugly Girl is the person who is telling the story, so that chapter is told by a first-person-narrator. Duh, Richard says. Start studying Into the wild Chapter 2 Study questions. Two Nyungar brothers, out hunting, have just killed a kangaroo when a tribal leader named Yellagonga warns them that gengas—the spirits of their ancestors—are nearby.Yellagonga is actually describing British officers who have just arrived in the area. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Suduiko, Aaron ed. Thanks for exploring this SuperSummary Study Guide of “The River” by Gary Paulsen. The Great Gatsby study guide contains a biography of F. Scott Fitzgerald, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. By beginning with this “brief, symbolic evocation of the mythic landscape in which the plot unfolds,” Ngugi asserts that “land serves as the unifying ground for leadership and tradition,” as critic Michael Loudon writes. They kept the tribes’ magic and rituals, pure and intact” (3). His father … The horse can't do that. Carol Sheriff's extensive, innovative archival research shows the varied responses of ordinary people-farmers, businessmen, government officials, tourists, workers-to this major environmental, social, and cultural transformation in the early life of the Republic. A river flows between the two ridges of Kameno and Makuyu in Kenya. Chege matches Joshua in age, experience, and respect of his community, but unfortunately, he dies not long after Waiyaki’s circumcision. The River Summary and Study Guide. Chege warns his son that it is dangerous in the darkness, but Waiyaki boasts that he knows the way of all the ridges. A river flows between the two ridges of Kameno and Makuyu in Kenya. Jonas's father tries to calm his fears by telling him that people are rarely disappointed in their Assignments, because the Committee of Elders monitors Elevens' interest so as to place them where they … The tribe’s most important ritual, circumcision, is deeply tied to the land in its execution, and the most important gatherings take place in sacred places. 0 Ratings 1 Want to read; 0 Currently reading; 0 Have read; This edition published in 1996 by Hill and Wang in . In comparison to Daisy Buchanan, Myrtle Wilson is sensuous and vital. It becomes patently clear in this chapter that Tom is both a bully and a hypocrite: he carries on a highly public affair, but feels compelled to beat his mistress in order to keep her in her place. Waiyaki thinks their trip was like a dream and wonders if his father is sane. The structure of the hills, river, and valley is already suggestive of conflict, as the river divides more than it unifies. Cullen understood the founding fathers dream. The artificial river by Carol Sheriff, 1996, Hill and Wang edition, in English - 1st ed. Nyambura is home but Muthoni is not. They are not responsible for the ills of the land; the people, in their blindness, are. $21.00.) Joshua’s tribal counterpart is Chege, who just as powerfully “preaches” against the white man’s encroachment. Chege adds that he and Waiyaki are descended from Mugo. It is an unusual year with rich seasons. Joshua represents Christianity in a negative light, for he is harsh, cruel, unyielding, and incapable of forgiveness. Kamau says the other boy called his father a convert to the white man, and Kinuthia says Kamau made fun of him for his father dying poor. Some think he will be a great Christian leader. Waiyaki, Kinuthia, and Kamau go to Siriana to live and learn together under the Reverend Livingstone of the Siriana Mission. Fitzgerald represents poverty as lying beneath wealth and providing the wealthy with a dumping ground. Waiyaki feels a thrill course through him and wonders what manly secret they will see. The Artificial River: The Erie Canal and the Paradox of Progress, 1817-1862. However, some fall back into their old ways, and Joshua sometimes feels wrathful and condemnatory. The second chapter begins with a description of the valley of ashes, a dismal, barren wasteland halfway between West Egg and New York. It is a "valley of ashes," a place of uninterrupted desolation. Nyambura is quiet. They work hard and Waiyaki impresses everyone. He often feels great anger and tries to be patient even though he wishes he could punish them. However, deep within he feels a heaviness. New York: Hill & Wang, 1996. xvii + 251 pp. Ngugi begins on a macro scale and then moves to the micro. 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